AWS is pushing the envelope with a new generation of its Graviton chip for cloud data centers, promising a 25% gain in general-purpose performance over its predecessor while consuming up to 60% less power.
在年度RE：Invents Conference，Amazon的云计算部门unveiled旨在使用Intel和AMD大量数据中心的中央处理单元（CPU）的Graviton3。AWS表示，该芯片将运行一系列新的云服务或实例，客户可以用来通过计算工作来循环电子设计自动化，媒体编码，科学建模和机器学习。
亚马逊网络服务（AWS）已通过构建数据中心并将远程计算能力租给客户，已成为世界上最大的云计算供应商。结果，它也是最大的服务器芯片购买者之一，在高端，每股价格最高可达数万美元。因此，多年来，它一直致力于为其庞大的服务器仓库建造更快，更便宜的芯片。
Amazon's CPUs are based on Arm blueprints that are also the gold standard in smartphone chip designs. But it has not been announced whether the Graviton3 CPU uses Arm's off-the-shelf Neoverse server cores or custom cores designed in-house, in the mold of the A- and M-series chips in Apple's iPhones and Macs.
In 2015, AWS purchased Arm server chip startup Annapurna Labs to fire up its processor design work. AWS rolled out the first generation of its internally-designed Graviton chip in late 2018 and followed it up with the second generation, Graviton2, a year later to try to eat into Intel's dominance in server chips. AWS has said Graviton-backed cloud services would cost significantly less than alternatives based on Intel Xeon CPUs.
尽管有筹码的野心，AWS仍然是英特尔和AMD的顶级客户，并继续与半导体巨头紧密合作。AWS在Intel的Xeon和AMD的EPYC芯片上提供广泛的云服务，使客户可以灵活地选择适合其需求的处理器。
但是，在三年内发布了三个新一代的服务器芯片，这表明AWS认真考虑将更多的竞争带入数据中心竞技场，并希望继续与Intel和AMD缩小差距。
对抗AWS的工作是，数十年的软件旨在在Intel和AMD的服务器处理器上运行，这些软件基于X86指令集体系结构（ISA）。因此，想要首次尝试Amazon Graviton CPU的客户不得不大修其软件以在ARM架构上运行。
亚马逊的Elastic Compute Cloud副总裁Dave Brown说：“通过我们对AWS设计的芯片的投资，客户已经意识到了当今最关键的业务工作量的巨大价格绩效收益。”“ AWS的持续创新意味着客户现在正在获得全新的，改变游戏规则的实例，以比其他任何地方的价格效果更好地运行其最重要的工作量。”
AWS said Graviton3, on top of its general-purpose performance gains, also has twice the performance for floating-point operations and cryptography work. The chip can also carry out machine-learning chores three times faster. The Graviton3 chip also supports 20% more networking bandwidth than Graviton2, AWS said, and it is able to communicate directly with server networking cards called NICs, keeping latency in check.
亚马逊说，基于Graviton3的云实例首次在云市场中使用DDR5内存，该技术的带宽比以前的Graviton2一代中的DDR4内存高50％。
AWS说，目前，Graviton3仅作为预览可用。
